Embryo Transfer is the last Frontier for Deep Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence in Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR)

Abstract

Embryo Transfer is the last Frontier for Deep Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence in Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR). In the last five years, nearly every aspect of an IVF cycle has been investigated by artificial intelligence(AI) & deep machine learning (ML), including sperm morphology, sperm identification, identification of empty or oocyte containing follicles, prediction of embryo cell stages, prediction of blastulation from oocytes, scoring blastocyst quality, prediction of euploid blastocysts and live birth from blastocysts, improving the embryo selection process, and for developing algorithms for optimal IVF stimulation protocols. Moreover, AI-based methods can be implemented for other clinical aspects of IVF, such as assessing patient reproductive potential and individualizing gonadotropin stimulation protocols. As AI has the capability to analyze "big" data, the ultimate goal will be to apply AI tools to the analysis of all embryological, clinical, and genetic data in an effort to provide patient-tailored treatments. Embryo Transfer is the only step of IVF that is outside the realm of AI & ML today. Embryo Transfer success is presently human skill dependent and deep machine learning may one day intrude into this sacred space with the advent of specialized humanoid robots. Embryo transfer is arguably the rate limiting step in the sequential events that complete an IVF cycle. Many variables play a role in the success of embryo transfer, including catheter type, atraumatic technique, and the use of sonography guidance. In this clinical review we will cover the contemporary research goals of AI & ML as well as the variables influencing Embryo Transfer success.